Orthopedics
Leg axis development in children: A guide for parents
The development of leg axes in children is a fascinating and important process that occurs throughout their growth phases. Parents and caregivers should understand that the leg shapes they observe in their children are part of a natural developmental process.
What are leg axes?
The leg axis describes the alignment of the thigh, knee, and lower leg. A "normal" leg axis means that the knees and feet are aligned straight when standing. However, different leg axis shapes can occur during growth.
Development phases
- Infancy (birth to approx. 2 years): Newborns often have bow legs, also known as genu varum. This shape is normal and occurs due to the fetal position in the womb.
- Toddler age (2 to 4 years):During this phase, an X-shaped leg, also known as genu valgum, often develops. This is where the knees bend toward each other while the feet remain straight.
- Preschool age (4 to 6 years): The leg axes begin to normalize. Most children achieve a neutral leg axis by school age.
When should you see a doctor?
- Persistent or extreme leg deformities: If the X- or O-leg shapes persist beyond the usual age or are particularly pronounced.
- Uneven development: Noticeable differences between the legs in shape or length.
- Accompanying symptoms: Pain, limping or restricted mobility.
Examinations and diagnosis
An orthopedic surgeon can assess your child's leg axis development. This typically includes a physical examination and, if necessary, imaging studies such as X-rays to analyze bone structure in more detail.
Treatment options
Most cases of genu varum or genu valgum do not require specific treatment and resolve with growth. In rare cases where treatment is necessary, conservative methods such as physical therapy or, in more complex cases, orthopedic surgery may be considered.
Prevention and support
- Balanced diet: A diet rich in calcium and vitamin D supports healthy bone growth.
- Active lifestyle: Regular physical activity promotes muscle and bone development.
- Observation: Monitor your child's leg development and seek medical advice if you have any concerns.
Conclusion
Leg axis development is a normal part of the growth process in children. While slight deviations are normal, it is important to pay attention to any unusual shapes or accompanying symptoms and, if necessary, consult a specialist.