Sports Medicine
Shoulder injuries climbing
Shoulder Injuries in Climbing: Causes, Diagnosis, and Prevention
Climbing is a demanding, full-body sport in which the shoulders play a central role. They bear the brunt of overhead movements and are subjected to significant stress during demanding moves and high loads. This makes the shoulder vulnerable to injuries, often caused by repetitive strain, faulty technique, or inadequate training. After finger injuries, shoulder injuries are the second most common problem in climbing.
Common shoulder injuries in climbers
1. SLAP (Superior Labrum Anterior to Posterior) lesions
SLAP lesions are injuries to the upper labrum, which stabilizes the shoulder joint. They result from repetitive overhead movements or sudden, abrupt loading, as is common in dynamic climbing.
- Symptoms: Pain in the anterior shoulder area, especially during overhead movements or rotations. Many sufferers also report a clicking or locking sensation.
- Risk factors: Intense training load, weak rotator cuff muscles, and insufficient core stability.
2. Rotatorenmanschettenverletzungen
Die Rotatorenmanschette ist ein Zusammenspiel aus vier Muskeln und deren Sehnen, die den Oberarmkopf in der Gelenkpfanne stabilisieren. Überbelastungen, falsche Technik oder Stürze können zu Teilrissen oder kompletten Rupturen führen.
- Symptoms: Pain during movement, weakness, or limited function of the shoulder.
- Particularly at risk: Older climbers and those with existing instability in the shoulder joint.
3. Impingement Syndrome
Impingement syndrome is a painful entrapment of tendons or bursae under the acromion. This is a common consequence of muscular imbalances, postural deformities such as the "climbing hunchback," or repetitive, high-intensity movements.
- Symptoms:Pain during abduction or overhead movements as well as night pain.
4. Shoulder instability and dislocations
Repetitive stress can lead to weakening of the shoulder capsule and stabilizing ligaments, making the shoulder prone to instability. In severe cases, dislocation (luxation) of the joint can occur.
Diagnosis of shoulder injuries
A thorough diagnosis is crucial to identify the exact injury pattern and initiate optimal treatment. Key examination methods include:
- Clinical trials: Apprehension test, relocation test and jerk test to check for instability and dysfunction.
Imaging techniques:
- MRI: For precise visualization of labral and tendon injuries.
- Ultrasound: For dynamic examination of soft tissues.
- X-ray: To rule out fractures or bony changes.
Prevention of shoulder injuries
- 1. Proper Warm-Up: Dynamic exercises before climbing prepare the shoulder muscles for stress.
- 2. Technique Training: Proper technique reduces incorrect strain. In particular, the conscious use of the legs relieves strain on the arms and shoulders.
- 3. Strength Training:
- 4. Stretching and Mobility: Regular stretching routines promote mobility and prevent muscular shortening.
- 4. Regeneration: Adequate breaks and recovery are essential to prevent overload.
Exercises to strengthen the rotator cuff and stabilizing muscles.
Core training for a stable base and less strain on the shoulders.
Treatment options
Treatment depends on the type and severity of the injury:
- Conservative therapy:
- Surgical therapy:
Physical therapy to improve strength and stability.
Anti-inflammatory measures such as cooling and drug therapies.
Shock wave therapy for chronic complaints.
Arthroscopic reconstruction for labral or tendon tears.
Stabilization procedures for chronic instability or dislocations.
Conclusion
Shoulder injuries are not uncommon in climbing, but can often be avoided through targeted prevention and appropriate training. If symptoms persist, early diagnosis is crucial to avoid long-term limitations. Our practice offers comprehensive diagnostic and treatment options to get you back on the wall as quickly as possible – healthy and fit.